ProofForum keeps source files, AI attestations, human theorem-level reviews and discussion as separate layers. A paper is not treated as mathematically verified merely because an AI check passed, and community agreement is not presented as a Certified Referee signature.
The native workflow described in the sections below: you upload the PDF and LaTeX source, ProofForum hosts and versions them, and every step from moderation to Certified Referee judgment applies.
arXiv:… or hexagon:…, or its abstract link). A bare number is never guessed: you choose the repository. Without a version, the latest one is pinned and shown before you confirm.Requesting a record gives no authorship, ownership or review privilege. Listed authors can claim the work; recognized authors may comment, answer concerns and authorize hosting, but cannot verify their own work. Reviews and judgments belong to one exact version and never move to another. Verify an external paper →
The LaTeX source remains canonical for structure extraction and mathematical metadata. Browser-generated structure data is not trusted as the source of truth. Inline \bibitem entries are also parsed. A citation containing a ProofForum public code such as PF:2026.000001 is resolved to the published paper when possible, becomes clickable, and is shown with that cited paper's current human-review state. Bibliographies stored only in an external .bib file are flagged for manual inspection because that file is not part of the current PDF + single-.tex upload format.
New submissions and new versions remain non-public until accepted. Before accepting a version, the moderation view performs static checks on the stored files: suspicious LaTeX patterns, active-content indicators in the PDF, and an approximate PDF↔LaTeX consistency comparison. High-risk indicators require an explicit override.
The moderation panel also reports reference parsing: number of inline references, unresolved internal ProofForum IDs, duplicate bibliography keys and external-bibliography limitations. These checks are designed for triage and risk reduction. They are not a malware certificate, a guarantee that a citation is bibliographically correct, or a mathematical correctness check. A suspicious or inconsistent result should lead to manual inspection or rejection.
After publication, reviewers work on the mathematical structures extracted from that exact paper version. A review is attached to one theorem, lemma, proposition, corollary, definition, claim or conjecture, not generically to “the paper”.
New mathematical concerns are raised through the single PDF-annotation flow described below: select the exact passage and use Yellow · concern or Red · blocking. Formal review concerns created by earlier versions of ProofForum remain visible and can still be resolved, reopened or superseded so historical evidence is not rewritten.
Role-weighted signals remain distinct. Certified Referee authority is subject-scoped and applies only to the exact mathematical subjects assigned by the administrator (displayed under broad macro areas for clarity), or an explicit All mathematics scope. Managing Editor editorial scope is separate and does not become Certified Referee authority. A certified judgment is not silently merged with ordinary community consensus. No user, including a Certified Referee or Managing Editor, may submit a human-verification review on a paper they own.
To start a new annotation, select the exact passage in the PDF, write one focused comment in the annotation box, then click the color that describes it. LaTeX is supported in annotation and reply text with $...$ or $$...$$. The thread stays shallow: replies are allowed, but replies do not branch into unlimited nested discussions.
Grey remarks and purple proof insights appear under Comments. Yellow and red issues appear under Concerns. Authors may edit their own comment text for 30 minutes after posting and may delete their own comments later if necessary. Administrators can edit or delete any comment at any time. Previous text versions are retained in the comment revision history; a deleted root comment with surviving replies is shown only as a tombstone so the discussion context is not silently broken. Issue threads can be resolved or reopened by the permitted participants. Comments do not turn a theorem green: formal human-verification state and discussion metadata remain separate.
Can: view public papers, add human reviews after email verification, comment on published versions, reply to discussions, and record an LLM check after reviewing that exact version when permitted by the site rules.
Cannot: issue the Certified-Referee-only “incorrect” verdict or the purple expert annotation. Paper submission requires a currently verified university or academic institutional affiliation.
Can: participate with a verified institutional identity, submit positive human reviews and use the normal discussion tools, including yellow/red PDF issues. A valid institutional verification is checked when this role reviews.
Cannot: make the Certified-Referee-only incorrect judgment or purple expert annotation solely by virtue of institutional verification.
Can: submit certified positive and incorrect judgments, use yellow/red PDF issues and the purple “interesting proof argument” annotation and exercise other certified-review powers inside the subject scope assigned by the administrator. The scope may contain one or several exact subject codes, grouped under macro areas such as Algebra & Number Theory, Analysis & Differential Equations and Geometry & Topology, or the explicit All mathematics tag. An in-scope Certified Referee may also upload a new version on behalf of a paper owner when otherwise eligible to submit.
Cannot: review a paper they own, exercise certified authority outside their scope, make another person’s review disappear, or convert community consensus into a certified signature. Each reviewer’s record remains attributable.
Can: act as the subject-level editor for versions whose primary/secondary/additional subjects intersect the assigned scope. That includes inspecting private editorial versions, running safety/reference checks, adding AI-check attestations, correcting subject classification, taking editorial decisions on other authors' submissions, and using the separate purple editorial insight annotation inside the same scope. Managing Editor privileges do not confer Certified Referee review authority: certified verification and the certified-only incorrect verdict require an actual in-scope Certified Referee role (or administrator authority). An in-scope Managing Editor may also upload a new version on behalf of a paper owner.
Cannot: review or take the acceptance/rejection decision on a paper they own. Their own submission must be decided by the administrator or another Managing Editor in scope. They also cannot manage users, assign editor/referee privileges, administer referee applications or institution verification, permanently delete repository records, or override a high-risk security block.
Can: see their own pending/rejected versions, upload later versions while their university or academic institutional affiliation remains verified, add AI-check attestations, participate in discussion, and resolve ordinary discussion threads on their paper.
Cannot: resolve a formal human-review concern merely because they own the paper; that requires being the referee who raised it, the administrator, or an otherwise eligible non-conflicted Managing Editor. They also cannot publish a pending version by themselves or bypass server-side eligibility, moderation and file-access checks.
ProofForum distinguishes ordinary discussion and verification from a concrete mathematical contribution that changes, repairs, strengthens, or materially informs a manuscript. A registered participant can submit an immutable contribution proposal against a specific public paper version, optionally tied to an exact theorem, lemma, proposition, or other indexed structure.
Each proposal records the contributor, its immutable base version, a short explanation, optional original passage, concrete proposed text when applicable, one or more mathematical contribution labels, and a scope from local to paper-wide. Labels include gap discovery, proof repair, new lemma or result, alternative proof, generalization, independent verification, formalization, expository improvement, prior-art discovery, and conceptual contribution.
The paper owner may confirm or reject the proposal. Confirmation is separate from incorporation. A confirmed proposal can later be linked explicitly to a newer public manuscript version as Incorporated, Led to revision, or Resolved independently. This preserves credit even when a contributor discovers a genuine gap but the owner writes a different repair rather than literally merging the proposed text. The resulting link also gives readers the immutable manuscript versions needed to inspect the actual diff.
Contribution text is not silently edited after submission, and decisions are appended to a proposal history. Contributor-selected labels remain part of the evidence; the paper owner confirms the labels used for public credit. ProofForum does not convert this record into a single opaque reputation score. Public profiles instead show the kinds, scope, outcomes, and manuscript links of substantive contributions.
Submitting a contribution also records an explicit rights confirmation under the paper version's license, so later incorporation is attributable and licensed rather than informal copy-and-paste.
The uploader of a paper decides on its proposals and does not submit proposals to it: to change the paper, the uploader publishes a new version. Proposals by co-authors are recorded like any other but give no contribution credit, because co-authors are already credited as Generated by. The paper owner is notified of every new proposal on ProofForum and, if their notification settings allow it, by email. If the owner has not decided within 90 days, an administrator or a Managing Editor of the paper's subject area who is not one of its authors can take an editorial decision, which is shown as such.
The same moderators can hide a proposal or a single discussion note, with a reason that is shown publicly in its place; a hidden proposal gives no credit. When the law requires it, for example for copyright or personal data, they can also erase the submitted text while keeping a record of the removal. They can close new proposals on a paper, for example during a wave of spam.
Every uploaded revision receives its own version record and its own recorded license. A published version keeps that license permanently; a later version may use another permitted license if the submitter is authorized to grant it. Reviews, comments, AI checks, extracted structures and file checks refer to the correct version. The Versions view can compare revisions without merging the evidence from two different versions.
A later version can address an earlier blocking comment, but the historical comment remains part of the earlier version’s record. This preserves provenance instead of rewriting the past.
Reading papers, submitting work, reviewing structures and applying for Certified Referee status are intended to remain free. The site may still have unavoidable operating, security, compliance and staffing costs, but those costs must not be converted into pay-to-publish, pay-to-certify or pay-for-a-favorable-review mechanisms.
The purpose is practical as well as ethical: separating money from acceptance and referee judgment reduces incentives for favoritism, pressure and corruption. No payment should change a mathematical verdict, suppress a concern, accelerate certification, or buy extra visibility.
ProofForum is designed to make mathematical provenance and review evidence inspectable. It does not claim that an AI check proves correctness, that a static PDF/LaTeX scan guarantees safety, or that a high community score replaces a rigorous proof. The value of the site comes from keeping these signals explicit and attributable.